Obesity is a condition characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the body and is strongly associated with the development of other conditions, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and even malignancy. Multiple factors contribute to the development of obesity, including genetics, western diet, sedentary lifestyle, inadequate sleep, and certain medication side effects.

Body fat, also known as adipose tissue, secretes adipokines, which can lead to widespread systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. Based on the body mass index, or BMI for short, individuals with obesity can be categorized into 4 main groups that include overweight, class I obesity, class II obesity, and class III obesity.